By Salma El-Sakka
Women with higher blood levels of two common “forever chemicals” face a significantly increased risk of developing an aggressive form of breast cancer, according to a new federal study published this week.
Study findings
The research focused on perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), two per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that persist in the environment and the human body for years. Although U.S. manufacturers have phased them out, they remain widespread in drinking water systems, with the Environmental Protection Agency detecting them in hundreds of public supplies in recent years.
Researchers analyzed blood samples from 1,609 women who developed breast cancer and 2,269 comparison participants, drawing on data from the National Institutes of Health’s Sister Study. Women with the highest PFOA levels had a 67 percent higher risk of estrogen-receptor-negative (ER-negative) breast cancer than those with the lowest levels, while the highest PFOS levels corresponded to a 93 percent higher risk. ER-negative tumors lack hormone receptors, do not respond to hormone therapy, and tend to grow faster; they account for about 15 percent of all breast cancers.
Health Secretary response
Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. said the findings warrant further investigation. “Women deserve clear answers about how chemicals in their environment may affect their health,” he stated alongside the study’s release. The authors also called for more research on newer replacement PFAS chemicals and on populations disproportionately affected by ER-negative disease.
Reducing exposure
Experts recommend several steps to limit contact with PFOA and PFOS. Residents served by public water systems should contact their utility to learn about PFAS testing and mitigation. Using a National Sanitation Foundation‑certified filter that targets PFAS, or switching to bottled water, can reduce ingestion. Online tools and blood tests, taken with a doctor’s guidance, can help individuals assess their personal exposure levels.
