By Karim Hammam
A new UK law taking effect on 1 November requires owners of banned breed dogs to ensure children under 12 are never left in close contact with the animals in private settings without adult supervision. The measure is part of a government crackdown on dangerous dogs and aims to reduce the risk of injuries in homes.
Five breeds banned in the UK
The prohibited breeds are the Pit Bull Terrier, Japanese Tosa, Dogo Argentino, Fila Brasileiro, and XL Bully. It is illegal to sell, abandon, give away, or breed from any of these types. Owners must hold a valid certificate of exemption proving their dog is not a danger to the public.
Supervision requirements detailed
Guidance from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) states that an adult aged 18 or over must be present and able to intervene immediately. The adult must remain nearby, monitor interactions, and be ready to separate the child and dog. Cameras, baby monitors, or other devices are not considered adequate substitutes. Owners are advised to plan ahead for moments when supervision may be difficult, such as cooking or answering the door.
Penalties for non-compliance
If an owner cannot prove their dog is not a banned type, or pleads guilty, they face an unlimited fine, up to six months in prison, or both. The dog will also be destroyed. In 2024, XL Bullies accounted for half of the banned or dangerous dogs seized and euthanised by police in England and Wales.
Exemption process
If a court decides a banned-type dog is not a danger to the public, it may issue a contingent destruction order allowing the owner to apply for a certificate of exemption. The burden of proof rests with the owner to demonstrate the dog is not a prohibited type.
